![]() ![]() Since 1998 the islands are part of the Chagos Archipelago Strict Nature Reserve and it is forbidden to land on the islands or anchor a boat nearby. A reference collection of samples of the flora and fauna of the area was also undertaken. The expedition made a topographical survey of the coral reefs, an ecological survey of the corals on it and a study on the metabolism of the reef. In 1975 during the Joint Services Expedition to Danger Island (JSDI), the expedition members were taken by RFA Resurgent to Eagle Islands and then by ketch and inflatable craft to Danger Island and onward to Three Brothers. ![]() Not long after the settlement of the Chagos group by the French planters at the end of the 18th century, the tendency was to concentrate the workers on only a few islands from which the plantations were run, like Ile Boddam in the Salomon Atoll. ![]() But at the time of Commander Robert Moresby's survey of the Chagos, in 1838, this island was populated only occasionally. There was once a coconut plantation in Ile Aigle, as well as a small settlement of Chagossian plantation workers. With a land area of 2.45 km 2, Île Aigle is the largest single island of the Great Chagos Bank, and after Diego Garcia the second largest of the Chagos Archipelago. They are located on the central-western rim of the Great Chagos Bank, which is the world's largest coral atoll structure. The round, smaller island is Île Vache MarineĮagle Islands is a group of two islands in the Chagos Archipelago. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Note that we must now be careful to use an explicit multiplication sign where juxtaposition might be wrongly interpreted as function application. We see that function abstraction and function application are inverses. We can then apply this function to anything we like, for example z 2, and we find that (λ a.2 a+3)( z 2) simplifies to 2 z 2+3. We could, of course, have used any symbol we like in place of a. This operation is called function abstraction. Church used the greek letter lambda and a dot and showed that we could simply write λ a.2 a+3 as a name for the function. But this is all rather indirect and it would be a nuisance to have to keep making up new names and remembering what they meant. We might make up a name for it, say "DoubleAndAddThree" or just " f", and write f( a) = 2 a+3 to describe what we mean. For example we may write y := 2 x+3 to describe how to obtain y given x, but suppose we want to describe, in the abstract, what it is we are doing to x, so that we can do it to other things. The lambda calculus is based on the more abstract notion of "applying a function". These symbols can be interpreted as instructions (to move left or right or read or write symbols) but may also be interpreted as data, particularly when it comes time to read the result. The Turing machine is based on the idea of a tape of unbounded length, with a head which can move left or right along the tape reading and writing symbols. The Lambda calculus is reflected in the programming language Lisp and its relatives which are called "functional" or "applicative" languages. The Turing machine is reflected in the Von Neumann machine which describes the general form of most computing hardware today. Today, the best known of these are the Turing Machine, of the British mathematician Alan Turing (not to be confused with his touring machine, the bicycle of which he was so fond), and the Lambda Calculus, of the American logician Alonzo Church (1941). Remarkably, they were all eventually shown to be equivalent in the sense that any one could be made to behave like the others. Several such systems were invented and for the most part looked entirely unlike each other. They wanted to find the simplest possible system that could be said to compute. The "effectively" part is included to indicate that we are not concerned with the time any particular computer might take to produce the result, so long as it would get there eventually. A "computer", originally, was a person who performed arithmetic calculations. In the 1930s and 40s, around the birth of the "automatic computer", mathematicians wanted to formalise what we mean when we say some result or some function is "effectively computable", whether by machine or human. This paper provides an informal and entertaining introduction by means of an animated graphical notation. The lambda calculus, and the closely related theory of combinators, are important in the foundations of mathematics, logic and computer science. To Dissect a Mockingbird: A Graphical Notation for the Lambda Calculus with Animated Reduction To Dissect a Mockingbird: A Graphical Notation for the Lambda Calculus with Animated Reductionġ16 Bowman Parade, Bardon QLD 4065, Australia ![]() ![]() ![]() Newton's observation of prismatic colors: Comparing this to a color image of the visible light spectrum shows that "blue" corresponds to cyan, while "indigo" corresponds to blue. Having decided upon seven colors, he asked a friend to repeatedly divide up the spectrum that was projected from the prism onto the wall: In describing this optical spectrum, Newton acknowledged that the spectrum had a continuum of colors, but named seven: "The originall or primary colours are Red, yellow, Green, Blew, & a violet purple together with Orang, Indico, & an indefinite varietie of intermediate gradations." He linked the seven prismatic colors to the seven notes of a western major scale, as shown in his color wheel, with orange and indigo as the semitones. In a pivotal experiment in the history of optics, the young Newton shone a narrow beam of sunlight through a prism to produce a rainbow-like band of colors on the wall. In the mid-1660s, when Newton bought a pair of prisms at a fair near Cambridge, the East India Company had begun importing indigo dye into England, supplanting the homegrown woad as source of blue dye. Isaac Newton introduced indigo as one of the seven base colors of his work. Optical scientists Hardy and Perrin list indigo as between 445 and 464 nm wavelength, which occupies a spectrum segment from roughly the color wheel (RGB) blue extending to the long-wave side, towards azure. The correspondence of this definition with colors of actual indigo dyes, though, is disputed. ![]() Modern sources place indigo in the electromagnetic spectrum between 420 and 450 nanometers, which lies on the short-wave side of color wheel (RGB) blue, towards (spectral) violet. The Early Modern English word indigo referred to the dye, not to the color (hue) itself, and indigo is not traditionally part of the basic color-naming system. Woad was replaced by true indigo as trade routes opened up, and both plant sources have now been largely replaced by synthetic dyes.Ĭlassification as a spectral color Indigo is one of the colors on Newton's color wheel. For a long time, woad was the main source of blue dye in Europe. īlue dye can be made from two different types of plants: the indigo plant, which produces the best results, and from the woad plant Isatis tinctoria, also known as pastel. Before the Revolutionary War, indigo accounted for more than one-third of the value of exports from the American colonies. In North America, indigo was introduced by Eliza Lucas into colonial South Carolina, where it became the colony's second-most important cash crop (after rice). The English and French subsequently began to encourage indigo cultivation in their colonies in the West Indies. Spanish explorers discovered an American species of indigo and began to cultivate the product in Guatemala. The Ancient Greek term for the dye was Ἰνδικὸν φάρμακον ( indikon pharmakon, "Indian dye"), which, adopted to Latin as indicum (a second declension noun) or indico (oblique case) and via Portuguese, gave rise to the modern word indigo. It was imported from there in small quantities via the Silk Road. Pliny the Elder mentions India as the source of the dye after which it was named. The earliest direct evidence for the use of indigo dates to around 4000 BC and comes from Huaca Prieta, in contemporary Peru. Indigofera tinctoria and related species were cultivated in East Asia, Egypt, India, Bangladesh and Peru in antiquity. Main article: Indigo dye § History Extract of natural indigo applied to paper The first known recorded use of indigo as a color name in English was in 1289. It is traditionally regarded as a color in the visible spectrum, as well as one of the seven colors of the rainbow: the color between blue and violet however, sources differ as to its actual position in the electromagnetic spectrum. ![]() The word "indigo" comes from the Latin word indicum, meaning "Indian", as the dye was originally exported to Europe from India. Indigo is a deep color close to the color wheel blue (a primary color in the RGB color space), as well as to some variants of ultramarine, based on the ancient dye of the same name. ![]() ![]() ![]() Top with Sprite or 7-up, garnish and serve. Shake until cold and pour into your glass of choice. Measure the spirits out according to the recipe card below and add into a shaker with ice. A tablespoon of vanilla coffee creamer can add 60 calories and 7 grams of sugar to your cup of coffee, according to the USDA. To make this potent concoction youll need vodka, rum, tequila and gin as well as Blue Curacao and some Sprite or 7-up. Plain coffee itself is naturally free of sugar, but prepared coffee drinks can be high in sugar depending on what is added to them. Pour mix into glass and garnish with lemon wheel and cherry. Sugar-laden coffee drinks at coffee shops and supermarkets. Add ice, vodka, rum, gin, tequila, blue curacao, sweet & sour mix and lemon-lime soda to blender. ![]() Bevvy notes that the Adios Motherfucker name was established in the late 20th century, when shocking cocktail names were popular.ġ. The classic Adios is a very potent cocktail, is electric blue in appearance, and is often recommended as the go-to 21st birthday cocktail recipe. The Frozen Adios is also based on the classic Adios Motherfucker, which, if you haven't heard of it before, also goes by Adios Mother Fucker, Blue Motherfucker, Blue Long Island Iced Tea, Blue Motorcycle, the AMF cocktail, the AMF drink, or just the AMF. Volume: 6.5 oz Alcohol units: 2.7 standard drinks Alcohol by volume (ABV): 14 Popularity Times viewed: 233171 Average Score: 8. This super-potent cocktail combines vodka, rum, gin, tequila, blue curacao, sweet and sour, and lemon lime soda, and will get you tipsy in about two seconds. Method: On the rocks Glass: Highball Recipe: Pour all ingredients (except 7UP) in a tall glass filled with ice. Watch popular content from the following creators: Michelle Charlotte Bartender(michellebellexo), Sin City Bartender(sincitybartender), QuickTails(quicktails), CallMeCookem(callmecookem), Cocktails with Caitlyn(cocktailswithcaitlyn). This badass AMF cocktail contains vodka, rum, gin, tequila, and Blue Curaao, making this the kind of drink thats pretty much guaranteed to make you loco in la. Now, let's talk about the Frozen Adios recipe, which is a drink you most definitely need to have in your drink-making arsenal. Discover short videos related to amf drink on TikTok. 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![]() ![]() In the dub, Truth is voiced by Luci Christian, the voice of Wrath in the 2003 anime. ![]() In the original Japanese version, The Truth is depicted as having the voice of whoever encounters him with a slight effect added to differentiate, which is more in line to its role as a literal 'part' of whomever it is engaging with.Robert McCollum replaced Bill Townsley as Scar's Brother, due to Townsley departing from voice acting and moving to New York.Jerry Russell replaced Brice Armstrong as Tim Marcoh, as Armstrong had retired in 2009.Two brothers search for a Philosophers Stone after an attempt to revive their deceased mother goes awry and leaves them in damaged physical forms. With Kent Williams, Iemasa Kayumi, Matthew Leonhart, Vic Mignogna. ![]() Its a fan page in spanish on Facebook, if you go the videos tab there are a lot of things: the 2003 series on spanish dub, the OVAs, the movies AND the new re dub of brotherhood up to episode 30, all in. Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood: Created by Hiromu Arakawa. Michael Tatum replaced Dameon Clarke as Scar, as Clarke had moved onto his live-action career. Welp, as the other dude says the best think is to watch the new re dub of the series from Funimation through a VPN but you can also have this. Seeking a way to ensure his path to the throne amidst deadly inter-house competition, Ling has ventured from Xing to Amestris in order to divine the secret of immortality - the Philosophers Stone. McNeil is based in Vancouver, though he has occasionally voiced in a few FUNimation dubs from time to time. You can watch Fullmetal Alchemist: Conqueror of Shamballa (dubbed in English) through Crunchyroll (Fullmetal Alchemist: The Conqueror of Shamballa ). Ling Yao (, Rin Yao), also spelled as Lin Yao, is the twelfth crown prince of the eastern nation of Xing and the liege of the Yao clan.
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